(Credit to kakiwayang)
Thursday, March 28, 2013
Jadual Gaji DH
Memandangkan asyik pening surfing tangga gaji skim DH ni, so why not dah jumpa ni aku share jer dalam blog aku sendiri. Kalau save dalam PC nanti tercari-cari lak mana letak so post jer la dalam entry, lagi senang. So untuk kawan-kawan DH leh la refer jadual gaji disini.
Wednesday, March 27, 2013
American vs British
Nowadays, people tense to mix up American and British words. I, myself sometime gets confused. I grew up with American slang but here, Malaysia is implement with British. So a bit hard for me to try adapt both English. So here are some words that separates British and American.
DIY printed circuit boards
Currently it's a busy season for all Electrical Polytechnique's students. Presentation project is within this week and they still do their project until the last minutes standing.
So during my search on web, I found this useful steps UV to etching procedure. Gladly to share with my students for these useful method.
Before you start you will need these things:
Protective gloves
Safety glasses
Preferably a gas-mask.
A CAD program
A printer
OH-paper (Transparent paper)
A UV-light
Pre-sensitized copper board (positive photoresist)
Caustic Soda
hydrochloric acid (~30%)
hydrogen peroxide (~17%)
First of you’ll need to make the layout you will be transferring to your copper board in a CAD program. I use CadSoft’s Eagle software, which I find easy to use.
A screenshot of a high current A123 balancer in progress
When you are done with the layout it’s time to save it as a black and white image. The white areas is where the copper will be etched away.
Here is the same high current balancer layout ready for the printer.
Now it’s time to print your layout. But don’t print it on the OH-paper to begin with! Start of printing it on plain paper so see the results. You want as a dense black that is simply possible. This is important! The copies cant be better than the original that they came from. The UV-light must not be able to reach the areas of the copper that you want to have left. Also check so that all the components fit where they should fit, so that nothing have gone wrong in the printing process nor in the design process. Now you can print you layout on an OH-paper.
Here is a LED dimmer circuit printed on a OH-paper
Next step is to expose the copper board and to do that you need a UV-light source. I built myself a “UV exposure box” that uses two 8W fluorescent UV lamps with 50 mm spacing between them and 55 mm to the glass.
Take care when dealing with UV-light so that you don’t harm your eyes. Keep the lid of the box closed at all times when the lights are on.
The exposure times varies greatly depending on your setup. My setup requires 1 minute 50 seconds to achieve that perfect result.
A tip when trying to determine the right exposure time for your setup is to make test PCB. Simply cover all but one piece of the PCB with a thick paper and expose it for 1 minute and then move the paper a bit and expose it for 1 minute again, and so on. The final strip will then be exposed for 1 minute and you will have a board with 1 minute resolution witch makes it easy to get into the right ballpark at least.
When you are done with the exposure its time to develop the PCB. Now it’s time to put on the protective gloves and mix some caustic soda with water. You need 3 dl cold water and 1 teaspoon of caustic soda. Make sure that you mix it properly! The caustic soda should be completely de solved in the water.
Now place the developed PCB into the solution. There will be a fast reaction and the water will darken with the exposed photoresist. Its important that you keep a good flow on the solution around the PCB during this process either by stirring or tilting the container back and forth. As soon as it seems nothing is happening its time to get the PCB out of the solution and wash it of in cold water. This process usually takes 10-20 seconds.
(The PCB in the picture has already been washed)
Always ware gloves when using chemicals!
You will now be able to see a faint outline of the layout on the copper.
Now comes the nasty stuff!
Its time to mix the hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide with water. One extremely important thing when doing this is AAA! Always Add Acid to water!NEVER EVER the other way around!
A good mix of the chemicals is 2:1:1 (2 parts water, 1 part hydrogen peroxide and 1 part hydrochloric acid). I usually mix so that I get 2 dl of solution. That means 1 dl water and 0,5 dl hydrochloric acid and 0,5 dl hydrogen peroxide. Start with the water and then add the acids! When mixing the chemicals toxic gas will be released! Be sure to be in a well ventilated area and keep your face away. If you have a gas-mask and safety glasses I strongly recommend using them during both the mixing and the etching.
Now that you have a solution that is capable of dissolving copper its time to put in the developed PCB.
Again it’s important to keep a constant flow of the solution. If you are making a double sided PCB make sure to turn it over often. After a while you will see the copper starting to disappear and the solution will turn green-blueish. Take the PCB out of the solution as soon as all the unwanted copper is dissolved and wash it in cold water.
You now have a printed circuit board!
Drill your holes and sand the copper using steal wool to get rid of the photo-resist.
The finished balancer.
Good luck with your projects!
So during my search on web, I found this useful steps UV to etching procedure. Gladly to share with my students for these useful method.
Before you start you will need these things:
Protective gloves
Safety glasses
Preferably a gas-mask.
A CAD program
A printer
OH-paper (Transparent paper)
A UV-light
Pre-sensitized copper board (positive photoresist)
Caustic Soda
hydrochloric acid (~30%)
hydrogen peroxide (~17%)
First of you’ll need to make the layout you will be transferring to your copper board in a CAD program. I use CadSoft’s Eagle software, which I find easy to use.
A screenshot of a high current A123 balancer in progress
When you are done with the layout it’s time to save it as a black and white image. The white areas is where the copper will be etched away.
Here is the same high current balancer layout ready for the printer.
Now it’s time to print your layout. But don’t print it on the OH-paper to begin with! Start of printing it on plain paper so see the results. You want as a dense black that is simply possible. This is important! The copies cant be better than the original that they came from. The UV-light must not be able to reach the areas of the copper that you want to have left. Also check so that all the components fit where they should fit, so that nothing have gone wrong in the printing process nor in the design process. Now you can print you layout on an OH-paper.
Here is a LED dimmer circuit printed on a OH-paper
Next step is to expose the copper board and to do that you need a UV-light source. I built myself a “UV exposure box” that uses two 8W fluorescent UV lamps with 50 mm spacing between them and 55 mm to the glass.
Take care when dealing with UV-light so that you don’t harm your eyes. Keep the lid of the box closed at all times when the lights are on.
The exposure times varies greatly depending on your setup. My setup requires 1 minute 50 seconds to achieve that perfect result.
A tip when trying to determine the right exposure time for your setup is to make test PCB. Simply cover all but one piece of the PCB with a thick paper and expose it for 1 minute and then move the paper a bit and expose it for 1 minute again, and so on. The final strip will then be exposed for 1 minute and you will have a board with 1 minute resolution witch makes it easy to get into the right ballpark at least.
When you are done with the exposure its time to develop the PCB. Now it’s time to put on the protective gloves and mix some caustic soda with water. You need 3 dl cold water and 1 teaspoon of caustic soda. Make sure that you mix it properly! The caustic soda should be completely de solved in the water.
Now place the developed PCB into the solution. There will be a fast reaction and the water will darken with the exposed photoresist. Its important that you keep a good flow on the solution around the PCB during this process either by stirring or tilting the container back and forth. As soon as it seems nothing is happening its time to get the PCB out of the solution and wash it of in cold water. This process usually takes 10-20 seconds.
(The PCB in the picture has already been washed)
Always ware gloves when using chemicals!
You will now be able to see a faint outline of the layout on the copper.
Now comes the nasty stuff!
Its time to mix the hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide with water. One extremely important thing when doing this is AAA! Always Add Acid to water!NEVER EVER the other way around!
A good mix of the chemicals is 2:1:1 (2 parts water, 1 part hydrogen peroxide and 1 part hydrochloric acid). I usually mix so that I get 2 dl of solution. That means 1 dl water and 0,5 dl hydrochloric acid and 0,5 dl hydrogen peroxide. Start with the water and then add the acids! When mixing the chemicals toxic gas will be released! Be sure to be in a well ventilated area and keep your face away. If you have a gas-mask and safety glasses I strongly recommend using them during both the mixing and the etching.
Now that you have a solution that is capable of dissolving copper its time to put in the developed PCB.
Again it’s important to keep a constant flow of the solution. If you are making a double sided PCB make sure to turn it over often. After a while you will see the copper starting to disappear and the solution will turn green-blueish. Take the PCB out of the solution as soon as all the unwanted copper is dissolved and wash it in cold water.
You now have a printed circuit board!
Drill your holes and sand the copper using steal wool to get rid of the photo-resist.
The finished balancer.
Good luck with your projects!
For more reading you may go to this link rcexplorer.se
Wednesday, March 20, 2013
Spending quality time with children
sQ is 5 this year. She already know how to protest especially when she wants attention. It really challenge me since I'm a PJJ and sQ is the only sibling by far. Trying my hardest to spend most quality time with her. So my baby steps is we pray together Magrib and Isyak, teach her Iqra, eat dinner properly and accompany her with her books and colouring. Hope these steps satisfy her. Thanks to SAAK for understanding and support me.
This was my status at Facebook last night. Now I realized that I need to spend more time with my girl. All this while, I thought I've give enough attention to her. But I guess it wrong. So, today I browse my way through the Internet and found some tips (which I had done) to spend quality time with my girl.
Mobile free car time: Put away your cell phone and its handsfree unit when driving your kids to and from school or hobby classes or a friend's house. Use that commuting time to talk, talk and talk. You may have to ask leading questions as not all children find it easy to articulate words to describe their day or their feelings. But giving them the opportunity to air their thoughts is very important and makes them feel involved. One mother asks her son to read out passages from inspirational books for kids, as she drives him to school every morning. They then discuss its message and meaning and find this to be the most stimulating start to their day. (DONE)
Hug Time: No matter how busy you may be, there is always time for a few hugs. Hugging your children makes them feel special and cared for and can lift their spirits if they are anxious or upset. Sometimes a hug can be the most effective way to quella tantrum-in-the-making.(DONE)
Get Sporty: Getting involved in your children's favourite sports helps both kids and parents. For children,it helps them become confident, healthy and tough - physically and mentally. It also teaches them how to co-operate with other children. Having their parents join in the sport makes children feel that parents appreciate their interests.
Homework help: Whether it's preparing for a weekly test, checking the school schedule or teaching a few mathematical equations, helping with homework provides a great opportunity for quality time. Children love the personal attention and you get to keep up with what they are doing in school as well. (DONE)
Odd jobs and chores: Children love to help in chores around the house so make sure you involve them in small jobs that are age appropriate. In fact experts recommend that as kids grow, they should have household chores as part of their daily routine. Bonding over setting the table or putting away dishes is an experience you both are sure to enjoy and look forward to. In addition, it helps children understand how hard parents work and creates a sense of respect for all kinds of jobs.(DONE)
Hobby routine: Spending time together working on a hobby is a great way to bond. Enjoying a hobby needn't be a lavish exercise. It could be something as simple as playing jigsaw puzzles, solving crosswords, walking in the park or trying to do some artwork together.
Nature trips: Going hiking, walking through a forest trail or just sitting around the campfire telling stories is a great way to appreciate nature and also spend quality time with children. Sometimes just a different setting and a relaxed ambience helps children open up and share feelings they may find difficult to express in the regular home routine. Ask your kids to plan the trip to suit their likes while you oversee their planning. This will make them feel very special.
Mealtimes: A great opportunity for the entire family to spend time together, meaningfully. Try and make eating at least one meal together a strict rule and use that time to catch up on each other's day. This gives children a comfortable platform to express their feelings - to tell you if something went wrong, or update you about whatever went well.That is your cue to appreciate their efforts. When children are acknowledged for their hard work and the tasks they finish, it motivates them to do more.(DONE)
One-on-one 'dates': If you have more than one child, make arrangements to keep one occupied - with the grandparents, at a friend's house or at a hobby/sports class. Take the other child for a quiet meal or milkshake and let her decide where to go. To a child who has to share you with a sibling all the time, even an hour of your undivided attention means a lot. (DONE)
Be available: Your children should be secure in knowing that you are only a phone call away at all times. Of course you will have to set the ground rules for calling you at work, but try to take their calls even if just to say you will call back later. Your coming on the line for even that brief conversation means a great deal to a child.
Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com
Well, it seems that I've done more than half of these suggestion list. Hope these bonding satisfy my girl.
This was my status at Facebook last night. Now I realized that I need to spend more time with my girl. All this while, I thought I've give enough attention to her. But I guess it wrong. So, today I browse my way through the Internet and found some tips (which I had done) to spend quality time with my girl.
Mobile free car time: Put away your cell phone and its handsfree unit when driving your kids to and from school or hobby classes or a friend's house. Use that commuting time to talk, talk and talk. You may have to ask leading questions as not all children find it easy to articulate words to describe their day or their feelings. But giving them the opportunity to air their thoughts is very important and makes them feel involved. One mother asks her son to read out passages from inspirational books for kids, as she drives him to school every morning. They then discuss its message and meaning and find this to be the most stimulating start to their day. (DONE)
Hug Time: No matter how busy you may be, there is always time for a few hugs. Hugging your children makes them feel special and cared for and can lift their spirits if they are anxious or upset. Sometimes a hug can be the most effective way to quella tantrum-in-the-making.(DONE)
Get Sporty: Getting involved in your children's favourite sports helps both kids and parents. For children,it helps them become confident, healthy and tough - physically and mentally. It also teaches them how to co-operate with other children. Having their parents join in the sport makes children feel that parents appreciate their interests.
Homework help: Whether it's preparing for a weekly test, checking the school schedule or teaching a few mathematical equations, helping with homework provides a great opportunity for quality time. Children love the personal attention and you get to keep up with what they are doing in school as well. (DONE)
Odd jobs and chores: Children love to help in chores around the house so make sure you involve them in small jobs that are age appropriate. In fact experts recommend that as kids grow, they should have household chores as part of their daily routine. Bonding over setting the table or putting away dishes is an experience you both are sure to enjoy and look forward to. In addition, it helps children understand how hard parents work and creates a sense of respect for all kinds of jobs.(DONE)
Hobby routine: Spending time together working on a hobby is a great way to bond. Enjoying a hobby needn't be a lavish exercise. It could be something as simple as playing jigsaw puzzles, solving crosswords, walking in the park or trying to do some artwork together.
Nature trips: Going hiking, walking through a forest trail or just sitting around the campfire telling stories is a great way to appreciate nature and also spend quality time with children. Sometimes just a different setting and a relaxed ambience helps children open up and share feelings they may find difficult to express in the regular home routine. Ask your kids to plan the trip to suit their likes while you oversee their planning. This will make them feel very special.
One-on-one 'dates': If you have more than one child, make arrangements to keep one occupied - with the grandparents, at a friend's house or at a hobby/sports class. Take the other child for a quiet meal or milkshake and let her decide where to go. To a child who has to share you with a sibling all the time, even an hour of your undivided attention means a lot. (DONE)
Be available: Your children should be secure in knowing that you are only a phone call away at all times. Of course you will have to set the ground rules for calling you at work, but try to take their calls even if just to say you will call back later. Your coming on the line for even that brief conversation means a great deal to a child.
Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com
Well, it seems that I've done more than half of these suggestion list. Hope these bonding satisfy my girl.
Tuesday, March 19, 2013
Yogyakarta: Last Day
Last day here. So start with our last breakfast at Omak Nenek Resto.
Fried rice, fried chicken with vege.
Soft drink. Still serve in glass bottle.
One of Mawar Asri owner/worker car number.
Our supir came to pick us at 11 am. As expected he arrive at 10.30 am.
He took us for lunch as the most famous fried chicken in town.
Inside the restaurant.
Me selecting what to eat.
SAAK's creative snap shot.
Nasi Rames ordered by SAAK.
Nasi Pecal ordered by me.
Ayam Goreng Separo (delicious!)
Soto ordered by MIL.
Wet towel with a bowl of water to wash hand.
SAAK paying at Kasir.
Owner of this shop.
Arriving at the airport.
First arrive with only 2 bags. Now?
Our plane had arrived.
Boarding room.
Look at the cloud. We're told by Mr Internet Yogya will be raining during our 3 days of visiting. But only the last minutes here, the rain decided to come.
Gunung Merapi.
Gunung Merapi is one of tourist attraction. It is still an active volcano.
sQ is sleeping.
Light food on board.
Safely landed at Malaysia. We surely had the most amazing experience at Yogyakarta. InsyaAllah we'll plan another vacation here some day.
Yogyakarta: Day 3 - Malioboro Street at Night
For the last night, my MIL request to try kereta kuda. Actually she was scared riding on trishaw!
It's impossible to find kereta kuda from our hotel. So SAAK and I took a walk in search of kereta kuda.
One of small street here. You can not ride your motorbike. You have to push it.
View of our kereta kuda.
This is our ride for tonight.
Again we hit Malioboro Street.
Dinner at Malioboro Mall.
Street performance.
MIL as Cinderella.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)